Retrieval-augmented generation, usually shortened to RAG, lets a model answer with information retrieved from external sources. It fits product manuals, policies, research, contracts, support material, customer records, and other knowledge that is private or changes after the model was trained.
The hard work starts before retrieval. Documents need owners, status, dates, access rules, useful structure, and a reliable update path. A draft policy and an approved policy cannot carry the same authority. Two departments may publish conflicting guidance. A user may be allowed to know that a document exists without being allowed to read its contents. If the source system cannot settle those conditions, the model will reproduce the confusion more fluently.
At request time, the system interprets the question, applies the user's permission boundary, retrieves and ranks relevant passages, and gives selected context to the model. The answer may show citations, disclose uncertainty, ask for missing information, or refuse when the evidence is weak. Retrieval quality and answer quality must be measured separately: the model cannot use a source the system never found, and finding the right source does not guarantee the model represented it correctly.